Birch Polypore (Fomitopsis betulina): Ancient Healer with Modern Promise

Found clinging to birch trees throughout temperate forests in North America and Europe, the Birch Polypore (Fomitopsis betulina) is far more than just a woody shelf fungus. It’s a time-honored natural remedy with a deep legacy in traditional medicine—and modern science is now beginning to validate what ancient cultures seemed to know intuitively.

With its hoof-like shape, creamy white underside, and layered top, Birch Polypore may look unassuming. But inside, it harbors a complex cocktail of immune-supportive polysaccharides, antimicrobial compounds, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory triterpenes. These medicinal properties have earned it a place in natural health circles as a powerful tool for supporting gut health, immune balance, and even as a potential anticancer agent.

Perhaps most notably, a dried piece of this very mushroom was discovered among the belongings of Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old mummy found frozen in the Alps—suggesting that humans have turned to Birch Polypore as medicine for millennia.

In this post, we’ll explore:

• Its key bioactive constituents

• The scientific research behind its healing capabilities

• How it was used traditionally vs. how it’s used in modern herbalism

• How to prepare it as a tea or tincture at home

Whether you’re a seasoned forager, an herbalist, or someone looking to build a natural home apothecary, Birch Polypore is a versatile and time-tested ally worth knowing.

Medicinal Properties and Key Constituents

1. Immune System Support

Birch Polypore contains polysaccharides, particularly β-glucans, known to modulate the immune system. These compounds can enhance the body’s defense mechanisms against pathogens.

2. Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities

Studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial properties of F. betulina, including antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. Notably, extracts have shown activity against various bacteria and viruses, supporting its traditional use in treating infections.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5380686/

3. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects

The fungus contains triterpenoids, such as betulinic acid, which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, its antioxidant activity helps combat oxidative stress, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5380686/

4. Anticancer Potential

Research indicates that F. betulina extracts can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in certain cancer cell lines, suggesting potential as an anticancer agent. However, more in-depth studies and clinical trials are necessary to fully understand its efficacy and safety in cancer therapy.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5380686/

Traditional and Modern Uses

Traditionally, Birch Polypore has been used as a natural remedy for various ailments, including gastrointestinal issues, infections, and as a styptic to stop bleeding. In modern herbal medicine, it’s often prepared as a tea or tincture to harness its health benefits.

🌿 Ancient and Traditional Use

Birch Polypore’s therapeutic history stretches back thousands of years, well before modern medicine. One of the most compelling archaeological confirmations of its importance comes from Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old natural mummy discovered in the Alps. He was found carrying two pieces of birch polypore strung on leather—likely used either for medicinal tea or as an antiparasitic remedy. Some researchers suggest he may have been using it to treat internal parasites or for its antibiotic and styptic (bleeding-control) properties.

In ancient Europe and across indigenous Siberian and Scandinavian traditions, Birch Polypore was used:

• Internally: as a bitter tea or decoction for digestive issues, intestinal parasites, infections, and respiratory support

• Externally: as a poultice or bandage—the soft, suede-like inner layer was applied to wounds to stop bleeding, reduce infection risk, and help with healing

• Burning it: The dried fungus was sometimes smoldered or burned as incense to ward off infection in enclosed spaces (similar to how other antimicrobial herbs were used)

• Tool use: The suede-like inner flesh was also used as a natural strop for sharpening blades

Birch polypore was valued not just for healing but also for its protective and preservative qualities, a common trait among conk mushrooms in ancient forest cultures.

🌱 Modern Herbal and Mycological Uses

Today, Birch Polypore is experiencing a resurgence in interest from herbalists, researchers, and holistic health practitioners. It’s often used as a gentle yet potent immune tonic and gut healer.

Modern Applications Include:

• Tinctures and dual-extract formulations to:

  • Modulate the immune system

  • Support the body’s natural detox pathways

  • Help reduce chronic inflammation

  • Aid in managing mild viral and bacterial infections

• Tea (decoction):

  • Taken regularly to maintain gut health

  • Used seasonally to support cold and flu recovery

  • Drunk as a digestive bitters to reduce bloating and encourage microbial balance in the gut

• Powder or Capsules (less common):

  • Ground dried polypore is sometimes encapsulated, though extraction (via water or alcohol) is considered more effective for bioavailability

• Skincare and Topicals:

  • Used in wound washes or creams for its antiseptic, astringent, and antimicrobial properties

  • Experimental blends with other fungi (like reishi or turkey tail) for topical anti-inflammatory formulations

🧪 Integration with Modern Science

As interest grows in mycotherapy (fungus-based healing), Birch Polypore is increasingly studied for its:

• Immunomodulatory beta-glucans

• Antimicrobial compounds like piptamine and agaric acid

• Anti-cancer potential via triterpenoids like betulinic acid, which is derived from the birch tree bark itself

Modern tincture blends may also combine Birch Polypore with other medicinal mushrooms such as:

• Turkey Tail for gut and immune synergy

• Reishi for mood and sleep

• Chaga for deep antioxidant support

From being carried by a prehistoric human across the Alps to being bottled by wellness brands today, Birch Polypore embodies the harmony of ancestral knowledge and emerging science. Whether brewed as a simple tea or crafted into a dual-extract tincture, its enduring relevance in healing is a testament to the power of natural medicine.

⚠️ Thyroid Effects and Considerations

While Birch Polypore offers a wide array of health benefits, it’s important to note that it may influence thyroid function in certain individuals. Some studies and anecdotal evidence suggest that the triterpenes found in Birch Polypore—such as betulinic acid—could have a modulating effect on endocrine activity, including the thyroid gland.

This is particularly relevant for individuals with hypothyroidism or those taking thyroid hormone replacement. Although Birch Polypore is not known to directly suppress thyroid function, its immune-modulating properties could, in theory, interact with autoimmune thyroid conditions such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Caution is advised in the following cases:

• If you have an existing thyroid disorder, especially autoimmune-related

• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, as thyroid balance is especially delicate during these times

• If you are on thyroid medication, as Birch Polypore may influence absorption or metabolism of the medication

As with any potent medicinal fungus, it’s best to start with small doses and observe how your body responds. When in doubt, consult with a qualified herbalist or healthcare provider familiar with both thyroid conditions and medicinal mushrooms.

Preparation Methods

Tea

1. Slice dried Birch Polypore into small pieces.

2. Simmer 1-2 teaspoons in 2 cups of water for about 30 minutes.

3. Strain and drink up to three times daily.

Tincture

1. Fill a jar halfway with chopped, dried Birch Polypore.

2. Cover with 100-proof vodka, ensuring the mushroom is fully submerged.

3. Seal and store in a cool, dark place for 4-6 weeks, shaking occasionally.

4. Strain and store the liquid in a dark glass bottle.

Birch Polypore stands out as a mushroom with a rich history and promising medicinal properties. Its array of bioactive compounds offers potential benefits ranging from immune support to antimicrobial and anticancer activities. As research continues to unveil its capabilities, Birch Polypore remains a valuable ally in both traditional and modern herbal medicine.